A multiscale analysis of landscape resistance reveals genetic isolates in an endangered forest-specialist species the Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus)

In forest-specialist mammals, forest loss may induce resistance to animal movement and reduce gene flow between populations, thereby increase genetic erosion extinction risks for populations. Understanding how landscape features affect is of critical importance conservation. Using tools at multiple spatial scales, we assessed the effects heterogeneity (in particular presence wide open or rural habitats) on in an endangered species – Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus) –, its major site Morocco. We genotyped 248 individuals from 23 groups using 11 microsatellite loci. modelled different scenarios isolation by resistance. further tested relationships distance resistance, after controlling effect distance. Our results revealed a significant structure disruption even geographic proximity. Whatever scale, remoteness edge beyond 1 km acted as barrier movements. addition, fine human-dominated areas were also detected barrier. The detection private alleles each population suggests ongoing process isolation. preservation implies 1) strictly avoiding all silvicultural practices clear-cutting holm oak forests) that could contribute distances patches, 2) restoring corridors forests, 3) preserving key small patches potential stepping stones facilitating dispersal.